Physical effects of ageing

How Can a Physical Therapist Help? The physical therapist is an integral part of the team of health care professionals who help people receiving a total knee replacement regain movement and function, and return to daily activities. Your physical therapist can help you prepare for and recover from surgery, and develop an individualized treatment program to get you moving again in the safest and most effective way possible. Before Surgery The better physical shape you are in before TKR surgery, the better your results will be especially in the short term.

Bythe number of people aged 60 years and older will outnumber children younger than 5 years.

The pace of population ageing is much faster than in the past. All countries face major challenges to ensure that their health and social systems are ready to make the most of this demographic shift.

People worldwide are living longer. Today, for the first time in history, most people can expect to live into their sixties and beyond. Today, million people are aged 80 years or older.

Bythere will be almost this many million living in China alone, and million people in this age group worldwide. The pace of population ageing around the world is also increasing dramatically. However, places such as Brazil, China and India will have slightly more than 20 years to make the same adaptation.

By the middle of the century many countries for e. A longer life brings with it opportunities, not only for older people and their families, but also for societies as a whole. Additional years provide the chance to pursue new activities such as further education, a new career or pursuing a long neglected passion.

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Older people also contribute in many ways to their families and communities. Yet the extent of these opportunities and contributions depends heavily on one factor: There is, however, little evidence to suggest that older people today are experiencing their later years in better health than their parents.

While rates of severe disability have declined in high-income countries over the past 30 years, there has been no significant change in mild to moderate disability over the same period.

If people can experience these extra years of life in good health and if they live in a supportive environment, their ability to do the things they value will be little different from that of a younger person.

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If these added years are dominated by declines in physical and mental capacity, the implications for older people and for society are more negative. Ageing explained At the biological level, ageing results from the impact of the accumulation of a wide variety of molecular and cellular damage over time.

This leads to a gradual decrease in physical and mental capacity, a growing risk of disease, and ultimately, death. While some 70 year-olds enjoy extremely good health and functioning, other 70 year-olds are frail and require significant help from others. Beyond biological changes, ageing is also associated with other life transitions such as retirement, relocation to more appropriate housing, and the death of friends and partners.

In developing a public-health response to ageing, it is important not just to consider approaches that ameliorate the losses associated with older age, but also those that may reinforce recovery, adaptation and psychosocial growth. Common health conditions associated with ageing Common conditions in older age include hearing loss, cataracts and refractive errors, back and neck pain and osteoarthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, depression, and dementia.

Furthermore, as people age, they are more likely to experience several conditions at the same time. Older age is also characterized by the emergence of several complex health states that tend to occur only later in life and that do not fall into discrete disease categories.

These are commonly called geriatric syndromes. They are often the consequence of multiple underlying factors and include frailty, urinary incontinence, falls, delirium and pressure ulcers. Geriatric syndromes appear to be better predictors of death than the presence or number of specific diseases.

Yet outside of countries that have developed geriatric medicine as a specialty, they are often overlooked in traditionally structured health services and in epidemiological research.

These factors start to influence the ageing process at an early stage. The environments that people live in as children — or even as developing foetuses — combined with their personal characteristics, have long-term effects on how they age.

Environments also have an important influence on the development and maintenance of healthy behaviours. Maintaining healthy behaviours throughout life, particularly eating a balanced diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and refraining from tobacco use all contribute to reducing the risk of non-communicable diseases and improving physical and mental capacity.

Behaviours also remain important in older age. Strength training to maintain muscle mass and good nutrition can both help to preserve cognitive function, delay care dependency, and reverse frailty.

Supportive environments enable people to do what is important to them, despite losses in capacity.

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The availability of safe and accessible public buildings and transport, and environments that are easy to walk around are examples of supportive environments. Some 80 year-olds have physical and mental capacities similar to many 20 year-olds.The Effects of Retirement on Physical and Mental Health Outcomes Dhaval Dave, Inas Rashad, Jasmina Spasojevic.

NBER Working Paper No. Issued in March , Revised in January Better physical fitness and lower aortic stiffness key to slower brain aging Date: June 12, Source: IOS Press Summary: The rate of decline in certain aspects of memory may be explained by a.

Antioxidants and Free radicals. Antioxidants are intimately involved in the prevention of cellular damage -- the common pathway for cancer, aging, and a variety of diseases.

Accelerated Weathering Testing for Plastics and Polymers. Environmental exposure, including weathering and accelerated ageing testing for plastics, polymers and composites. Roy J. Shephard School of Physical & Health Education and Dept. of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics.

Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto. Blood plasma from young people has been found to rejuvenate old mice, improving their memory, cognition, and physical activity. The method has the potential to be developed into a treatment for.