Body organization and the integumentary skeletal

As well as believing in the reality of Forms, Plato believed in the immortality of the human soul. The soul was, he thought, an entity that was fundamentally distinct from the body although it could be and often was affected by… Chemical composition of the body Chemically, the human body consists mainly of water and of organic compounds —i. Water is found in the extracellular fluids of the body the blood plasmathe lymphand the interstitial fluid and within the cells themselves. It serves as a solvent without which the chemistry of life could not take place.

Human skeleton The skeletal system serves many important functions; it provides the shape and form for the body, support and protection, allows bodily movement, produces blood for the body, and stores minerals. Humans are born with over bones; however, many bones fuse together between birth and maturity.

As a result, an average adult skeleton consists of bones. The number of bones varies according to the method used to derive the count. While some consider certain structures to be a single bone with multiple parts, others may see it as a single part with multiple bones.

These are long bonesshort bonesflat bonesirregular bonesand sesamoid bones. The human skeleton is composed of both fused and individual bones supported by ligamentstendonsmuscles and cartilage. It is a complex structure with two distinct divisions; the axial skeletonwhich includes the vertebral columnand the appendicular skeleton.

This system acts as a protective structure for vital organs. Major examples of this are the brain being protected by the skull and the lungs being protected by the rib cage.

Located in long bones are two distinctions of bone marrow yellow and red.

19 TAC Chapter , Subchapter B

The yellow marrow has fatty connective tissue and is found in the marrow cavity. During starvation, the body uses the fat in yellow marrow for energy. From the red marrow, erythrocytes, platelets, and leukocytes migrate to the blood to do their special tasks.

Another function of bones is the storage of certain minerals. Calcium and phosphorus are among the main minerals being stored. The importance of this storage "device" helps to regulate mineral balance in the bloodstream. When the fluctuation of minerals is high, these minerals are stored in bone ; when it is low it will be withdrawn from the bone.

Muscle The body contains three types of muscle tissue: On the anterior and posterior views of the muscular system above, superficial muscles those at the surface are shown on the right side of the body while deep muscles those underneath the superficial muscles are shown on the left half of the body.

For the legs, superficial muscles are shown in the anterior view while the posterior view shows both superficial and deep muscles. There are three types of muscles— cardiacskeletaland smooth.

Smooth muscles are used to control the flow of substances within the lumens of hollow organsand are not consciously controlled. Skeletal and cardiac muscles have striations that are visible under a microscope due to the components within their cells.

Only skeletal and smooth muscles are part of the musculoskeletal system and only the skeletal muscles can move the body. Cardiac muscles are found in the heart and are used only to circulate blood ; like the smooth muscles, these muscles are not under conscious control.

Skeletal muscles are attached to bones and arranged in opposing groups around joints. Muscle contraction is stimulated by the motor neuron sending a message to the muscles from the somatic nervous system. Depolarization of the motor neuron results in neurotransmitters being released from the nerve terminal.

The space between the nerve terminal and the muscle cell is called the neuromuscular junction.

These neurotransmitters diffuse across the synapse and bind to specific receptor sites on the cell membrane of the muscle fiber. When enough receptors are stimulated, an action potential is generated and the permeability of the sarcolemma is altered.

This process is known as initiation. Tendon A tendon is a tough, flexible band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscles to bones. As muscles contract, tendons transmit the forces to the relatively rigid bones, pulling on them and causing movement.

Tendons can stretch substantially, allowing them to function as springs during locomotion, thereby saving energy. Joints, ligaments and bursae[ edit ] Main article:Body organization 1. Body cavities – hollow spaces within the human body that contain internal organs. a) The dorsal cavity: located toward the back of the body, .

Human body: Human body, the physical substance of the human organism. Characteristic of the vertebrate form, the human body has an internal skeleton with a backbone, and, as with the mammalian form, it has hair and mammary glands.

Learn more about the composition, form, and physical adaptations of the human body. The integumentary system comprises the skin and its appendages acting to protect the body from various kinds of damage, such as loss of water or abrasion from outside.

The integumentary system includes hair, scales, feathers, hooves, and lausannecongress2018.com has a variety of additional functions; it may serve to waterproof, cushion, and protect the deeper tissues, excrete wastes, and regulate temperature. Education rules concerning Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (curriculum standards) for middle school science.

Anatomy Drill and Practice

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Calculators, Spreadsheets, Databases. Functions of the Skeletal System and the Coccyx - Functions of the Skeletal System and the Coccyx The system of the body that consists of bones, connective tissues, and cartilage is known as the skeletal .